UNIT 5 - GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING - MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) - UNIT V

                              GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

UNIT 5 GLOBAL ISSUES

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)     

                                                                                        by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET 

UNIT V GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations –  Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics– Weapons Development – Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert Witnesses and Advisors –  Moral Leadership –  Code of Conduct - Corporate Social Responsibility.

 

1. _________ means integration of countries through commerce, transfer of technology, and exchange of information and culture.

A. Nationalization

B. Globalization

C. Localization

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

2. Organizations, who have established business in more than one country, are called _______________.

A. National Corporation

B. Multinational Corporation

C. Internal Corporation

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

3. The Western organizations doing business in less-economically developed (developing, and overpopulated) countries gain the advantanges of the following.

A. inexpensive labor

B. availability of natural resources

C. conducive tax atmosphere, and virgin market for the products.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

4. Because of the Multinational Corporations (MNCs), the advantages to host countries are the following.

A. fresh job opportunities and jobs with higher remuneration and challenges

B. transfer of technology

C. several social benefits by the wealth developed.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

5. Demerits of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to host countries are the following.

A. Loss of jobs for the home country

B. loss or exploitation of natural resources

C. political instability for the host countries

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

6. _____________ is a process of moving technology to a new setting and implementing it there.

A. Technology Transfer

B. Borrowed technology

C. Outsourcing

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

7. Identification, transfer, and implementation of most suitable technology for a set of new situations, is called ________________.

A. appropriate technology

B. technology transfer

C. modern technology

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

8. Appropriateness of technology is to be determined based on the following.

A. availability of resources

B. physical conditions

C. capital opportunity costs, and the human value system

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

9. Which of the following is/are correct about the Multinational Corporations (MNCs)?

A. MNC should respect the basic human rights of the people of the host countries.

B. The activities of the MNC should give economic and transfer technical benefits, and implement welfare measure of the workers of the host countries.

C. The business practices of the MNC should improve and promote the cultures of the host countries.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

10. Actions are morally right when they are approved by law, custom etc. This is called __________.

A. Moral relativism

B. Ethical pluralism

C. Ethical relativism

D. Ethical egoism

Ans: C

 

11. The Multinational Corporations may practice laws of the home country, without adjustments to the host culture. This stand is called ____________.

A. ethical relativism

B. ethical absolutism

C. ethical egoism

D. ethical pluralism

Ans: B

 

12. _________ is the acceptance that there may be more than one correct moral framework (justifiable) that we can use.

A. ethical relativism

B. ethical absolutism

C. ethical egoism

D. ethical pluralism

Ans: D

 

13. ____________________ is the normative ethical position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. 
A. ethical relativism
B. ethical absolutism
C. ethical egoism
D. ethical pluralism
Ans: C

 

14. __________ Ethics is the study of moral issues concerning the environment, and moral perspectives, beliefs, or attitudes concerning those issues.

A. Personal

B. Engineering

C. Medical

D. Environmental

Ans: D

 

15. Environmental ethics is essential now to

A. Ensure protection (safety) of environment.

B. Prevent the degradation of environment, and

C. Slow down the exploitation of natural resources.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

16. Engineers as experimenters have the following duties towards environmental ethics.

A. Environmental Impact Assessment

B. Establish standards: Study and fix the tolerable and actual pollution levels.

C. Counter Measures for immediate implementation & Educate the people on environmental issues and possible remedies.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

17. The following are the categories of environmental ethics:

A. Libertarian Extension, Ecologic Extension and Conservation Ethics

B. Libertarian Extension, Ecologic Extension and Dereliction Ethics

C.  Dictorial Extension, Ecologic Extension and Conservation Ethics

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

18. _____________ echoes a civil liberty approach (i.e. a commitment to extend equal rights to all members of a community). In environmentalism, though, the community is generally thought to consist of non-humans as well as humans.

A. Ecologic Extension

B. Conservation Ethics

C. Libertarian Extension

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

19. _______________ places emphasis not on human rights but on the recognition of the fundamental interdependence of all biological (and some abiological) entities and their essential diversity.

A. Ecologic Extension

B. Conservation Ethics

C. Libertarian Extension

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

20. ______________ is an extension of use-value into the non-human biological world. It focuses only on the worth of the environment in terms of its utility or usefulness to humans.

A. Ecologic Extension

B. Conservation Ethics

C. Libertarian Extension

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

21. Disasters in the context of environmental ethics are the following.

A. Plastic Waste Disposal & e-Waste Disposal

B. Industrial Waste Disposal & Depletion of Ozone Layer

C. Global Warming & Acid Rain

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

22. Computer ethics has its roots in the work of ___ during World War II.

A. Hermen Horllerith

B. Blaise Pascal

C. Charles Babbage

D. Norbert Wiener

Ans: D

23. __________ ethics is defined as study and analysis of nature and social impact of computer technology, and formulation and justification of policies, for ethical use of computers.

A. Engineering

B. Computer

C. Medical

D. Personal

Ans: B

 

24. Different types of problems that are found in computer ethics are the following.

A. Computer as the Instrument of Unethical Acts

B. Computer as the Object of Unethical Act

C. Problems Related to the Autonomous Nature of Computer

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

25. Problems related to the computer as the Instrument of Unethical Acts are:

A. The usage of computer replaces the job positions.

B. Breaking privacy.

C. Defraud a bank or a client, by accessing and withdrawing money from other’s bank account.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

26. Problems related to the computer as the Object of Unethical Act are:

A. Hacking: The software is stolen or information is accessed from other computers.

B. Spreading virus: Through mail or otherwise, other computers are accessed and the files are erased or contents changed altogether. ‘Trojan horses’ are implanted to distort the messages and files beyond recovery.

C. Health hazard: The computers pose threat during their use as well as during disposal.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

27. Problems related to the Autonomous Nature of Computer

A. Security risk

B. Loss of human lives: Risk and loss of human lives lost by computer, in the operational control of military weapons.

C. In flexible manufacturing systems, the autonomous computer is beneficial in obtaining continuous monitoring and automatic control.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

28. The ethical problems initiated by computers in the workplace are:

A. Elimination of routine and manual jobs.

B. Health and safety: (ill-effects due to electromagnetic radiation, especially on women and pregnant employees, mental stress, wrist problem known as Carpel Tunnel Syndrome, and back pain due to poor ergonomic seating designs, and eye strain due to poor lighting and flickers in the display and long exposure)

C. Computer failure: Failure in computers may be due to errors in the hardware or software.

D.  All of the above

Ans : D

 

29. The property issues concerned with the computers are:

A. Computers are used to cheat and steal by current as well as previous employees.

B. Cheating of and stealing from the customers and clients, & Conspiracy as a group, especially with the internet, to defraud the gullible, stealing the identity and to forge documents.

C. Violation of property rights

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

30.  ________ is a self- replicating program that can cause damage to data and files stored on the computer.

A. Freeware

B. Virus

C. Piracy

D. None of the given
Ans: B

 

31. The protection of hardware, facilities magnetic disks, and other illegally accessed, stolen, damaged or destroyed items refers to ____

A. Personal security

B. Physical security

C. Personnel security

D. None of the above
Ans: B

 

32. ____ refers to software setups that permit only authorized access to the system.

A. Personnel security

C. Physical security

B. Personal security

D. None of the above
Ans: C

 

33. ____ is the illegal access to the network or computer system.

A. Security

B. Virus

C. Malware
D. Cracking
Ans: D

 

34. General guidelines of computer ethics are needed for ____

A. Cracking

B. Computer crime

C .Protection of personal data

D. All of the above
Ans: D

 

35. Cracking comes under ____

 A. Website Service

B. Transcription

C. Data Security
D. Computer Crime
Ans: D

 

36. General guidelines of computer ethics are needed for ____

A. Cracking

B. Computer crime

C .Protection of personal data

D. All of  the above
Ans: D

 

37. Cracking comes under ____

A. Website Service

B. Transcription

C. Data Security
D. Computer Crime
Ans: D

 

38. Running other software on idle computer without the knowledge of the organization is called theft of ____

A. Computer

B. Software

C. Computer time

D. Utility

Ans: C

 

39. We can protect sensitive data from prying eyes using ________

A. File locks

B. File permissions

C. Passwords

D. Encryption
Ans: B

 

40. A hacker contacts one’s phone or E-mail and attempts to acquire his/her password is called _________.

A. Spamming

B. Phishing

C. Spoofing

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

41. Engineers involve in weapons development because of the following reasons:

A. It gives one job with high salary.

B. One takes pride and honor in participating in the defense activities.

C. One believes the he fights a war on terrorism and thereby contribute to peace and stability of the country.& By R&D, the engineer is reducing the risk from enemy weapons, and saving one’s country from disaster.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

42. The characteristics of engineers as managers are:

A. Promote an ethical climate

B. Resolving conflicts

C. Social responsibility to stakeholders, customers and employers.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

43. Which of the following is/are true about consulting engineers?

A. The consulting engineers work in private. There is no salary from the employers.

B. They charge fees from the sponsor and they have more freedom to decide on their projects.

C. Still they have no absolute freedom, because they need to earn for their living.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

44. The consulting engineers have the following ethical responsibilities.

A. Advertising

B. Competitive bidding & Contingency fees

C. Safety and client needs

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

45. Engineers are required to explain the causes of accidents, malfunctions and other technological behavior of structures, machines, and instruments, e.g., personal injury while using an instrument, defective product, traffic accident, structure or building collapse, and damage to the property, are some of the cases where testimonies are needed. So, the engineers act as _______________.

A. Consultants

B. Expert Witnesses

C. Advisors

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

46. The engineers, who act as expert-witnesses, are likely to abuse their positions in the following manner(s):

A. Hired guns

B. Money bias

C. Ego bias & Sympathy bias

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

47. Engineers are required to give their view on the future such as in planning and policy-making, which involves the technology. So, they act as _____________.

A. Consultants

B. Expert Witnesses

C. Advisors

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

48. _______________ means adopting reasonable means to motivate the groups to achieve morally desirable goals.

A. Autocratic leadership

B. Moral leadership

C. Participative leadership

D. Paternalistic Leadership

Ans. B

 

49. A _______________ is a set of rules outlining the social norms, religious rules and responsibilities of, and or proper practices for, an individual, party or organization. Related concepts include ethical, honor, moral codes and religious laws.

A. Administrative manual

B. Operating manual

C. code of conduct

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

50. A ____________ Code of Conduct is an official document that clearly defines how a company's employees should behave in the workplace on a day-to-day basis.

A. amateur

B. professional

C. normal

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

51. Which of the following is/are correct about Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics?

A. Code of Ethics is general  in nature, whereas code of conduct is specific.

B. Code of Conduct is addressed to employees only. Code of Ethics focuses on values or principles.

C. Code of Conduct is focused on compliance and rules.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

52. Code of conduct provides Rules of Practice. Engineers shall

A. hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.

B. perform services only in the areas of their competence & issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

C. act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees & avoid deceptive acts.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

53. Which of the following is not Professional Obligation (code of conduct)?

A. Engineers shall not be guided in all their relation by the highest standards of honesty and integrity.

B. Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest.

C. Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the public.

D. Engineers shall not disclose, without consent, confidential information concerning the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or employer, or public body on which they serve.

Ans: A

 

54. ____________ is a gesture of showing the company's concern and commitment towards society's sustainability and development. It is the ethical behaviour of a company towards society.

A. Company Economic Responsibility

B. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

55. Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

A. Increased employee satisfaction

B. Improved public image

C. Increased customer loyalty and creativity

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

56. Which of the following is the most common job activity of top-level managers?

A. Writing and reading corporate financial reports

B. Developing and testing new products

C. Directing and interacting with people
D. Designing and implementing production systems

Ans: C

 

57. The professional’s standard of care and skill establishes the point at which a professional:

A. May or may not charge a fee for services

B. Has the duty to apply “reasonable care”

C. Has met the minimum requirements for registration

D. May be judged negligent in the performance of services

Ans: D

 

58. To effectively reduce liability exposure, the professional engineer or geoscientist should:

A. Pursue continuing educational opportunities

B. Work under the supervision of a senior engineer or geoscientist

C. Maintain professional standards in practice

D. Provide clients with frequent progress reports

Ans: C

 

59. What is the only concern of stock holders?

A. Financial return

B. Make profits

C. Encourage business to take up social responsibility

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

60.  __________ is when a firm engages in social actions because of its obligation to meet certain economic and legal responsibilities.

A. Social responsiveness

B. Social responsibility

C. Social obligation

D. None of the above

Ans:  C

 

61. What is the classical view of management's social responsibility?

A. To create specific environment in work place

B. To protect and improve society's welfare

C. To maximize profits

D. All of the above

Ans: C

 

62. _________ may be defined as the recognition of the close link between an organization's decisions and activities along with its impact on the natural environment. 

A. Greening of management

B. Global environment

C. Social actions

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET