UNIT 4 - GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING - MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) - UNIT IV

                                     GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

UNIT 4 SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 

                                                                                        by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET 

UNIT IV SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and Reducing Risk – Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of Interest –Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination.

 

 

1. Modified Lowrence’s definition of ________ is that a thing is safe (to a certain degree) with respect to a given person or group at a given time, if its risks were fully known, if those risks would be judged  acceptable (to that certain degree), in light of settled value principles.

A. safety

B. risk

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

2. William W. Lowrence has defined _______ as “a compound measure of the probability and magnitude of adverse effect”.

A. safety

B. risk

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

3. A person is said to take ______ risk when he/she is subjected to risk by either his own actions or action taken by others. Volunteers take that risk without any apprehension.

A. non-voluntary

B. voluntary

C. job-related

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

4. __________ risks are risks that people take either not knowing that they are at risk, or they are unable to control the fact that they are at risk,

A. non-voluntary

B. voluntary

C. job-related

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

5. Factors that influence the perception of risk are the following.

A. Probability of risk & Consequence of risk

B. Magnitude of risk & voluntary risk

C. Job related risk & Proximity of risk

D. All of the above

Ans. D

 

6. _________ risk refers to the level of human and property injury or loss from an industrial process that is considered to be tolerable by an individual, household, group, organization, community, region, state, or nation in view of the social, political, and economic cost-benefit analysis.

A. Non-voluntary

B. Voluntary

C. Job-related

D. Acceptable

Ans: D

 

7. Which of the following are true?

A. Assessing the personal risk is difficult.

B. Assessing the public risk is relatively easy.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

8. Safety comes with a price only. Because of the following:

A. Primary costs are high for a highly safe (low risk) product

B. Secondary costs are high for a highly risky (low safe) product

C. Both costs are low for a highly safe (low risk) product

D. both A and B

Ans: D

 

9. The aim of the __________ process is to evaluate hazards, then remove that hazard or minimize the level of its risk by adding control measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have created a safer and healthier workplace.

A. Safety measurement

B. risk assessment

C. Evaluation

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

10. In order to determine the risk, one should have knowledge about the following criterions.

A. Knowledge of risk

B. Uncertainties in design

C. Testing for Safety

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

11. Different Methods to determine the risk

A. Testing on the functions of the safety-system components

B. Destructive testing & Prototype testing

C. Simulation testing

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

12. Analytical methods that are adopted in testing for safety of a product/project are the following

A. Scenario Analysis

B. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

C. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) & Event Tree Analysis (ETA)

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

13. The conditions referred to as _______ are (i) the product, when it fails, should fail safely (ii) the product, when it fails, can be abandoned safely.(iii) User can safely escape from the product or site.

A. Safety measures

B. Safe exit

C. Safety test

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

14. _________ is the process of identifying and analyzing potential issues that could negatively impact key business initiatives or critical projects in order to help organizations avoid or mitigate those risks.

A. Risk-benefit analysis

B. Risk analysis

C. Safe exit

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

15. __________ is analysis that seeks to quantify the risk and benefits and hence their ratio. Analyzing a risk can be heavily dependent on the human factor. A certain level of risk in our lives is accepted as necessary to achieve certain benefits.

A. Risk-benefit analysis

B. Risk analysis

C. Safe exit

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

16. Elements of Risk management programme

A. Risk Identification

B. Risk Evaluation

C. Risk Control

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

17. Risk control includes the following

A. Risk avoidance & Risk transfer

B. Risk reduction

C. Risk retention

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

18. Risk avoidance - elimination of risk. Similarly, Which of the following is/are true?

A. Risk Transfer - insuring against risk

B. Risk Reduction - mitigating risk

C. Risk Retention - accepting risk

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

19. Responsibilities of an Engineer include

A. internal responsibilities (responsibilities to employers)

B. external responsibilities (responsibilities to outside world).

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

20. In the context of engineers’ internal Responsibilities, team-play involves virtues of:

A. Collegiality & Loyalty

B. Respect for authority

C. Collective bargaining

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

21. __________is the tendency to support and cooperate with the colleagues in the organization.

A. Collegiality

B. Respect for authority

C. Collective bargaining

D. Loyalty

Ans: A

 

22. Which of the following are true about loyalty?

A. Loyalty is Quality of being true and faithful in one’s support.

B. two senses of loyalty (Agency Loyalty and Attitude Loyalty)

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: D

 

23. _______ is to fulfill one's contractual duties toan employer as well as the more general activities of cooperating with colleagues and following legitimate authority with the corporation.

A. Identification loyalty

B. Agency loyalty

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

24. The tendency to be motivated to join with the loyal group is called ___________.

A. Identification loyalty

B. Agency loyalty

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

25. _______ can be defined as the legal right to command action by others and to enforce compliance.

A. Power

B. Strength

C. Authority

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

26. ______ is the ability of the person to influence others to perform an act. It may not have legal sanction.

A. Authority

B. Power

C. All of the above

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

27. ________ Authority and _______ Authority are two types of authority.

A. Institutional, Expert

B. individual, collective

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans:A

 

28. _________ Authority can be defined as the institutional right given to a person to exercise power based on the resources of institution, complete the task and force them to achieve goals.

A. Expert

B. Institutional

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: B

 

29. ___________ is the possession of special knowledge, skills, expertise and competence  to perform some task or to give some advice.

A. Expert

B. Institutional

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: A

 

30. Collective Bargaining is the bargain by the trade union for improving the economic interests of the workers. Process of Collective Bargaining are

A. Presenting the character of demands by the union

B. Negotiations at the bargaining table

C. Reaching an agreement.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

31. Engineers should act as __________ or trustee towards the employer or client in professional issues.

A. faithful agents

B. unfaithful agents

C. paid servants

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

32. Engineers' external Responsibilities include the following:

A. Confidentiality

B. Conflict of interest

C. Occupational crimes

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

33. _________ refers information that is available only on the basis of special privilege. That is, information available to an employee who is working on a special assignment.

A. Proprietary information

B. Privileged information

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: B

 

34. ___________ is the information that is owned by a company.

A. Proprietary information

B. Privileged information

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: A

 

35. A _________ can be any type of information that has not become public and which an employer has taken steps to keep secret.

A. trade secret

B. patent

C. confidential information

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

36. Which of the following is/are true about trade secret and patent?

A. Patent protects new and useful invention whereas trade secret protects valuable and secret information.

B. Patent gives the patent holder a right to exclude others from making, selling, using or importing the invention. Whereas the trade secret protects only from the misappropriation.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

37. ________ is the situation where professionals have self-interest. If self-interest is given importance, it may keep them away from meeting their obligations to their employees or clients.

A. Similar interest

B. Conflicts of interest

C. Informed consent

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

38. Types of conflicts of interest are:

A. Actual, Potential and Apparent

B. Actual, definite and Apparent

C. Actual, definite and trivial

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

39. A _______ is something, such as money or a favor, offered or given to someone in a position of trust in order to induce him to act dishonestly. It is something offered to influence or persuade.

A. gift

B. bribe

C. donation

D. All of the above

Ans: B

 

40. Ethical reasons for not tolerating bribery are the following.

A. Bribery corrupts free-market economic system and is anticompetitive.

B. Bribery corrupts justice and public policy by allowing rich people to make all the rules.

C. Bribery treats people as commodities that can be bought and sold.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

41. ________ are another form of bribing. Prearranged payments made by contractors to companies or their representatives in exchange for contracts actually granted are called Kickbacks.

A. bribe

B. gifts

C. donation

D. kickbacks

Ans: D

 

42. ________ crimes are illegal acts committed through a person's lawful employment.

A. Violent

B. Occupational

C. property

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

43. When professional or office workers commit the occupational crimes, it is referred as ________.

A. Violent crime

B. White collar crime

C. Property crime

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

44. _________ is the act of reporting on unethical conduct within an organization to someone outside/inside of the organization in an effort to discourage the organization from continuing the activity.

A. Whistleblowing

B. praising

C. targeting

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

45. ________ whistleblowing is the act of passing the information outside the organization.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Open

D. Anonymous

Ans: B

 

46. ________ whistleblowing is the act of conveying the information to someone within the organization.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Open

D. Anonymous

Ans: A

 

47. ________ whistleblowing is the individuals' act of conveying the information with their identity.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Open

D. Anonymous

Ans: C

 

48. ________ whistleblowing is the individual's act of passing the information without one's identity.

A. Internal

B. External

C. Open

D. Anonymous

Ans: D

 

49. ________ are the rights that apply or refer to the status or position of employee.

A. Professional rights

B. Employee rights

C. Human rights

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

50. ____________ are the rights possessed by virtue of being professionals having special moral responsibilities.

A. Professional rights

B. Employee rights

C. Human rights

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

51. ____________ refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

A. Intellectual property (IP)

B. Physical assets

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: A

 

52. Examples of Intellectual Property are:

A. trademarks

B. copyrights

C. patents

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

53. ___________ is unauthorized use of intangible assets whose control had been exclusively granted to the owner.

A. Theft

B. Hacking

C. Infringement

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

54. The importance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are:

A. Give the inventors exclusive rights of dealing.

B. Permit entry to a technical market.

C. Generate steady income by issuing license.

D. All of the above.

Ans: D

 

55. Reasons for protecting IPR are:

A. Prevent plagiarism

B. Prevent others from using it for financial gain.

C. Support income generation strategy

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

56. _________ is a wide identity of specific goods and services, permitting differences to be made among different trades.

A. Trade secret

B. Trademark

C. Copyright

D. Patent

Ans: B

 

57. __________ is a right given by the law to creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings. 

A. Trade secret

B. Trademark

C. Copyright

D. Patent

Ans: C

 

58. Which of the following is/are true about copyright?

A. Copyrights are designed to protect the expression of ideas (not the idea!)

B. Copyright law (©) is intellectual property in creative works, such as books, music, and movies (and presentations!).

C. Copyright gives the author exclusive right to make copies of the expression and sell them to the public.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

59. ______ is designed to protect the device or process for carrying out an idea, not the idea itself. It goes to person who invented the object first.

A. Copyright

B. Patent

C. Trademark

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

60. A __________ is a secret formula, pattern, or device that is used in a business and provides a commercial advantage. It is not registered but only kept confidential.

A. Trademark

B. Trade secret

C. Patent

D. copyright

Ans: B

 

61. Benefits of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are:

A. IPRs promote technological, industrial and economical developments of a country.

B. IPRs provide incentives for the inventions and ensure adequate returns on commercialization of the invention & grant exclusive rights to the inventors.

C. IPRs prevent the competitors from using one’s invention. & IPRs are useful in identifying unprotected areas to avoid violation.

IPRs grant exclusive rights to the inventors.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

62. ____________ is the unequal treatment to an individual intentionally on unintentionally.

A. Fairness

B. Discrimination

C. Impartiality

D. All of the above

Ans: B

 

63. Giving an advantage to a member of a group that in t he past was denied equal treatment, in particular, women and minorities, is called

A. Preferential Treatment

B. Discrimination

C. Unfair treatment

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

64. Which of the following is/are true in the context of preferential treatments?

A. Weak Preferential Treatment: Giving an advantage to members of traditionally discriminated-against groups over equally qualified applicants who are members of other group.

B. Strong Preferential Treatment: Giving preference to minority applicants or women over better-qualified applicants from other groups.

C. None of the above

D. both A and B

Ans: D

 

65. Which knowledge is required to assess the risk?

A. Advisability

B. Low Consequence

C. Testing and Safety
D. No Estimation Of Risk
Ans: C

 

66. Contractual disputes of a technical nature may be most expeditiously and effectively solvedthrough:

A. A lawsuit

B. Court appeals

C. Contract renegotiations

D. Arbitration
Ans: D

 

67. Which type of original work below is automatically protected by copyright upon creation?

A. Paintings

B. Inventions

C. Clothing designs

D. Signatures
Ans: A

 

68. What does the socio - economic view of social responsibility talk about?

A. Encourage business

B. Financial return

C. Social responsibility goes beyond making profits to include protecting and improving society's welfare

D. None of the above
Ans: C

 by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET