UNIT 2 - GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING - MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) - UNIT II

 

GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

UNIT 2  ENGINEERING ETHICS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) 

                                                                                        by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET 

UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS

Senses of Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‟s theory – Gilligan‟s theory – Consensus and Controversy –Models of professional roles – Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories.

 

1) __________ is concerned with the rules and standards governing the conduct of engineers in their role as professionals.

A. Ethics

B. Honesty

C. Civic virtue

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

2) Which of the following are true in the context of Engineering Ethics Vs Professional Ethics

A. Both are interchangeable.

B. Professional ethics is wider in scope than the engineering ethics

C. Engineering ethics is a part of professional ethics.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

3) Approaches in the study of ethics are

A. Micro-ethics: deals with decisions and problems of individuals, professionals, and companies.

B. Macro-ethics: deals with the social problems on a regional/national level.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

4) The objectives of studying engineering ethics are the following.

A. To stimulate the moral imagination

B. To recognize ethical issues & to develop analytical skills

C. To engage a sense of responsibility

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

5) Senses of engineering ethics are:

A. Normative

B. Descriptive

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

6) Normative Sense includes the following:

A. Knowing moral values, finding accurate solutions to moral problems, and justifying moral judgments in engineering practices.

B. Study of decisions, policies, and values that are morally desirable in the engineering practice and research, and

C. Using codes of ethics and standards and applying them in their transactions by engineers.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

7) _________ refers to what specific individual or group of engineers believe and act, without justifying their beliefs or actions.

A. Normative Sense

B. Descriptive Sense

C. Objective Sense

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

8) ________ means principles concerning right and wrong or good and bad behavior.

A. Integrity

B. Honesty

C. Morality

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

9) The term ‘morality’ is concerned with

A. what ought or ought not to be given in a given situation,

B. what is right or wrong in handling it,

C. what is good or bad about the persons, policies and principles involved in it.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

10) Three types of inquiry are

A. Normative, Conceptual, Factual

B. Normative, Conceptual, Informal

C. Conceptual, Factual, Informal

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

11) ________ are meant for identifying and justifying some norms and standards of morally desirable nature for guiding individuals as well as groups.

A. Normative Inquiries

B. Conceptual Inquiries

C. Factual inquiries

D. Informal inquiries

Ans: A

 

12) _____ are meant for describing the meaning of concepts, principles, and issues related to Engineering Ethics. These inquiries also explain whether the concepts and ideas are expressed by single word or by phrases.

A. Normative Inquiries

B. Conceptual Inquiries

C. Factual inquiries

D. Informal inquiries

Ans: B

 

13) _______ are known as ‘descriptive or exploratory’ inquiries which are helpful in solving moral problems by using alternative ways of solutions.

A. Normative Inquiries

B. Conceptual Inquiries

C. Factual inquiries

D. Informal inquiries

Ans: C

 

14)  ______ are situations in which two or more moral obligations, duties, rights, goods, or ideals come into conflict with each other.

A. Moral Autonomy

B. Moral Concern

C. Moral Dilemmas

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

15) Moral dilemmas are situations, mostly, due to the following problems.

A. Problem of Vagueness

B. Problem of Conflicting reasons

C. Problem of disagreement

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

16) For a given situation, sometimes it is unclear to the engineers to apply the most appropriate moral considerations or principles. They may not know how and which moral principles to be used in resolving a moral problem. This situation creates a typical moral dilemma due the following.

A. Problem of Vagueness

B. Problem of Conflicting reasons

C. Problem of disagreement

D. All of the above

Ans: A

 

17) Situation in which two or more moral obligations, duties, rights, goods, or ideals come into conflict with each other.

But when they come together, it is very difficult choice to choose good one. This situation creates a typical moral dilemma due the following.

A. Problem of Vagueness

B. Problem of Conflicting reasons

C. Problem of disagreement

D. All of the above

Ans: B

 

18) Individuals and groups may have different views, suggestions, interpretations and solutions on a moral problem in particular situations.This disagreement among individuals and groups on interpreting moral issues will create a situation of another moral dilemma due to the following.

A. Problem of Vagueness

B. Problem of Conflicting reasons

C. Problem of disagreement

D. All of the above

Ans: C

 

19) _________ is the ability to think critically and independently about moral issues and apply this normal thinking to situations that arise during the professional engineering practice.

A. Moral Autonomy

B. Moral Concern

C. Moral Dilemmas

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

20) Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan have developed __________ based on the sorts of reasoning and motivation adopted by individuals with regard to moral questions

A. theories on moral development

B. theories of code

C. moral stories

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

21) Lawrence Kohlberg suggested three levels of moral development, namely, ____________________.

A. Conventional level, Post-conventional level and normal level

B. Pre-conventional Level, Conventional Level, and Post-conventional Level

C. Pre-conventional Level, Conventional Level and normal level

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

22) Which of the following are true about Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory on moral development?

A. In Pre-conventional level, individuals behave according to socially acceptable norms (taught by parents and teachers)

Individuals are motivated by desire to avoid punishment or by their desire to satisfy their own needs. (Age: Birth to 9 years)

B. In Conventional Level, individuals are motivated by desire to please others and meet social unit expectations (other than self interest). (Age: 9 years to 20 years)

C. In Post-Conventional Level (Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory), individuals are guided by strong principles and convictions (not by selfish needs or pressure from society). (Age: Over 20 years)

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

23) Carol Gilligan states that Kohlberg’s theory is only on ethics of rules and rights. But her theory is known as

A. ethics of care

B. ethics of work

C. ethics of professionals

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

24) Gilligan's work on moral development outlines how a __________ is influenced by relationships and how women form their moral and ethical foundation based on how their decisions will affect others. She believes that women tend to develop morality in stages.

A. man's morality

B. woman's morality

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

25) Consensus means ________

A. disagreement

B. agreement

C. conflict

D. disputation

Ans: B

 

26) Controversy means ________

A. disagreement

B. agreement

C. conflict

D. disputation

Ans: A

 

27) According to the _____________, the objective of teaching and studying engineering ethics is to discover ways of promoting tolerance in the exercise of moral autonomy by engineers

A. principle of tolerance

B. principle of ethics

C. principle of harmony

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

28) Which of the following are true in the context of Relationship between Autonomy and Authority.

A. Moral autonomy and respect for authority are compatible with each other.

B. Moral autonomy is exercised based on the moral concern  for other people and recognition of good moral reasons.

C. Sometimes, conflicts will arise between individuals’ need for autonomy and the need for consensus about authority. This situation can be reduced by having open and frank discuss regarding a moral issue with the help of authority.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

29) Which of the following are true.

A. Any work for hire can be considered as a job, irrespective of the skill level involved and the responsibility approved.

B. The word Occupation means employment through which someone makes a living.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

30) ________ are occupations requiring sophisticated knowledge, group commitment to some public good, and a significant degree of self-regulation.

A. Jobs

B. Occupations

C. Professions

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

31) Attributes/Characteristics of a Profession are:

A. Knowledge, Organization and Public good

B. Knowledge, College and Public good

C. Knowledge, Organization and Private good

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

32) Professionalism refers to the following.

A. qualities

B. competencies

C. skills of professional

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

33) Models of professional roles are the following.

A. Savior & Guardian

B. Bureaucratic Servant & Social Servant

C. Social Enabler and Catalyst & Game Player

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

34) Which of the following are true?

A. Virtue can be defined as moral distinction and goodness. 

B. It refers to moral excellence of one’s behavior.

C. Virtue means our ideals of what is right and what is wrong.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

35) Which of the following are not associated with the virtues of a person

A. Benevolence

B. Compassion

C. Generosity

D. Dishonesty

Ans: D

 

36) In ________, one’s actions are considered right if he/she holds good character traits; one actions are considered wrong if he/she holds bad character traits.

A. virtue ethics

B. work ethics

C. personal ethics

D. medical ethics

Ans: A

 

37) The basic old-good theories about virtues are:

A. Aristotle’s Theory

B. Macintyre’s Theory

C. Gilligan's Theory

D. both A and B

Ans: D

 

38) As per _______, virtues are tendency to find the ‘Golden Mean’ between extreme of excess and deficiency.

A. Aristotle’s Theory

B. Macintyre’s Theory

C. Gilligan's Theory

D. both A and B

Ans: A

 

39) As per __________, any profession should develop for the sake of public goods. He calls these public goods as internal goods.

A. Aristotle’s Theory

B. Macintyre’s Theory

C. Gilligan's Theory

D. both A and B

Ans: B

 

 

40) The ethical theories are useful in many respects. Which of the following are correct?

A. In understanding moral dilemma, they provide clarity, consistency, systematic and comprehensive understanding. It provides helpful practical guidance in moral issues towards the solution.

B. Justifying professional obligations and decisions

C. Relating ordinary and professional morality

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

41) Ethical theories / Approaches are the following.

A. Utilitarian Theory & Duty Ethics Theory

B. Rights Theory & The Virtue Theory

C. Self Realization Ethics & Justice (Fairness) Theory

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

42) The two important versions of utilitarian theory are

A. Act utilitarian and Rule utilitarian

B. Act utilitarian and Theory utilitarian

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

43) The ACT UTILITARIAN theory focuses on

A. actions, rather than on general rules

B. rules, rather than on actions.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

44) The RULE UTILITARIAN theory focuses on

A. actions, rather than on general rules

B. rules, rather than on actions.

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

45) Advantages of duty ethics are:

A. Stresses the role of duty and respect for persons

B. Provides a motivation for morality

C. Stresses moral development and moral education

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

46) Disadvantages of duty ethics are:

A. Stresses the role of duty and respect for persons

B. Underestimates the importance of happiness and social utility

C. Stresses moral development and moral education

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

47) In ___________, the rights established by a society are protected and given the highest priority. Rights are considered to be ethically correct and valid since a large population endorses them. Individuals may also bestow rights upon others if they have the ability and resources to do so.

A. utilitarian theory

B. duty ethics theory

C. rights theory

D. virtue theory

Ans: C

 

48) Which of the following are true about self-realization ethics?

A. Right action consists in seeking self-fulfillment.

B. In one version of this theory, the self to be realized is defined by caring relationships with other individuals and society.

C. In another version called ethical egoism, the right action consists in always promoting what is good for oneself.

D. All of the above

Ans: D

 

49) Advantage of Rights theory is the following

A. Provides a motivation for morality

B. Offers only a minimal morality

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

50) Disadvantage of Rights theory is the following

A. Provides a motivation for morality

B. Offers only a minimal morality

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

51) In___________, the right action consists in always promoting what is good for oneself.

A. ethical egoism

B. ethical idealism

C. ethical relativism

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

52) __________ is the view that there may be alternative moral perspectives that are reasonable, but no one of which must be accepted completely by all rational and morally concerned persons.

A. ethical pluralism

B. moral idealism

C. ethical relativism

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

53) According to __________, actions are considered morally right when approved by law or custom, and wrong when they violate laws or customs. The deciding factor is the law or the customs of the society.

A. ethical pluralism

B. moral idealism

C. ethical relativism

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

54) __________ emphasizes loyalty to employer and colleagues and loyalty to public including the safety of the public.

A. Virtual ethics

B. Duty ethics

C. Rights ethics

D. None of the above

Ans: A

 

55) _________ emphasizes that professional has duties to protect the public affected by his work. Also he/she has to respect his employer’s authority.

A. Virtual ethics

B. Duty ethics

C. Rights ethics

D. None of the above

Ans: B

 

56) _______ emphasizes the rights of the public that are to be protected while at the same time, the rights of the management have to be respected.

A. Virtual ethics

B. Duty ethics

C. Rights ethics

D. None of the above

Ans: C

 

57. According to most Provincial and Territorial Acts, which activity by a professional member would be considered UNETHICAL?

A. Signing plans prepared by an unknown person without thoroughly reviewing those plans

B. Not charging a fee for presenting a speech

C. Reviewing the work of another member with that member’s consent

D. Providing professional services as a consultant

Ans: A

 by Dr. S. Selvaganesan, Prof. & HoD/IT, JJCET